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Lebensmittel einkochen z-Wert Konzept
#1
Guten Abend liebe Fachleute,
aus alktuellem Anlass habe ich eine Frage zum Einkochen bei 121 °C. Und zwar ob man tatsächlich allgemeingültig das Verfahren mit 121° C mit einem Verfahren mit 100°C äquivalent ersetzen kann. Zwar ändert sich nach dem z-Wert Konzept die Dauer erheblich von ca. 3 min auf ca. 330 min. aber die Frage ist erreicht man so allgemein die gleiche Güte der Sterilisation / Zerstörung der Sporen ?
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#2
Guten Morgen,

grundsätzlich kannst Du dies tun. Hierbei solltest Du Dich aber nicht am z-Wert, sondern am F-Wert orientieren. Der z-Wert ist mikroorganismusspezifisch und gibt an, um wieviel die Temperatur erhöht werden muss, um in der gleichen Zeit eine weitere Reduktion der Mikroorganismen um eine Zehnerpotenz (D-Wert) zu reduzieren.

Dabei gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten der Herangehensweise. Die erste ist in der Praxis sehr beliebt, weil sie wenig Recherche erfordert.
1.) Oft ist bereits bekannt, wie lange das Produkt bei 121°C erhitzt werden muss, um eine produktspezifische Sicherheit zu bekommen. Daraus lässt sich über eine Excelkalkulation der F-Wert berechnen. Es gibt aber auch schon Thermometer, die während der kontinuierlichen Messung den F-Wert bestimmen. Kennst Du nun diesen F-Wert, startest Du die Messung einfach bei 100°C und ...
1a) kochst mit eben so einem Thermometer, bis der Ziel-F-Wert nahezu erreicht ist.
1b) Du ermittelst über die Tabellenkalkulation, welchen Zeitspanne Du bei 100°C mindestens benötigst, um den gleichen F-Wert zu bekommen.

Die zweite Methodik ist mit ein wenig Recherche verbunden und wird eingesetzt, wenn noch keine Informationen vorliegen.
Hierfür brauchst Du folgende Anfangswerte:
a) Leitkeim
b) Worst-Case-Keimgehalt deines Leitkeims im zu kochenden Produkt
c) Zielvorgabe Keimgehalt Leitkeim im gekochten Produkt
d) Wunschtemperatur

Aus B und C kannst Du die benötigte Reduktion ermitteln. Zusammen mit dem spezifischen D-Wert kannst Du dann den notwendigen F-Wert bei 121°C ermitteln und zusammen mit dem z-Wert (ebenfalls spezifisch für den Leitkeim) die Zeit für dene Zieltemperatur berechnen.

Das klingt sehr allgemein. Gerne können wir es aber an einem von Dir gewählten Beispiel hier im Forum durchgehen.
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